Small buoy monitoring is a modern means of water quality monitoring. Using buoy observation technology, it can monitor water quality in an all-weather, continuous and fixed-point manner, and transmit data to the monitoring center in real time. The complete monitoring buoy is composed of buoy body and anchor system, monitoring instruments (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductance, turbidity, chlorophyll, blue-green algae, UVCOD, ammonia nitrogen, etc.), data acquisition and transmission unit, power supply unit (battery pack and solar power supply system), protection unit (GPS, light beacons, alarm), can remotely monitor water quality and other monitoring data in real time. The remote wireless monitoring system based on wireless LAN technology does not need to lay cables, and can quickly and easily set up front-end monitoring equipment in the place where monitoring is required, which has strong practicability, flexibility and scalability.